![]() Introduction The Republic: introduction Plautus, Lucilius and the Latin of Praeneste Cicero 4.1 The city ‘sound’: ‘smoothness’ versus ‘harshness’ 4.2 Athens and Rome 4.3 Some further Ciceronian evidence 4.4 rusticus and agrestis 4.5 Cicero: some conclusions Asinius Pollio and the Patavinitas of Livy Varro Nigidius Figulus Other republican and Augustan testimonia Some conclusions 9.1 The existence of regional variety 9.2 Places named 9.3 General regional features identified by the sources 9.4 Determinants of variation 9.5 What dialects were there? III Explicit evidence for regional variation: the Republic 1 2 3 4 Loss of final -t/-d Names of the god Mars The name Hercules Lexical mixing in a regional inscription Some ‘nominative’ forms in Etruria Latin and Faliscan A lexical item in an inscription of Praeneste The ‘intermediate’ vowel in the late Republic Conclusions Introduction Inscriptions The genitive in -us The digraph oi and long u The first-declension dative in -a e for ei o and ou i for long e i and e in hiatus u for Latin long o: Oscan influence? Monophthongisation of ai/ae Mircurius and comparable forms II The Republic: inscriptions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 List of maps Preface List of abbreviationsĪims, methods and findings Some definitions: ‘dialect’ and ‘accent’ ‘Dialect terms/words’ ‘Standard’ varieties and ‘language standardisation’ Cities and forms of dialect diffusion Dialects and colonisation Old and new dialects ‘Shrinkage’, isolation and archaism ‘Regions’, ‘areas’ of the Roman Empire Recapitulation: themes applicable to Rome that have come up so far 11 A recent account of the reasons for the diversity of colonial speech 12 Final questions 13 Plan and some limitations First published in print format 2007Ĭambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Adams 2007 This publication is in copyright. ADAMSĬambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Information on this title: © J. THE REGIONAL D I V E R S I F I C AT I O N O F L AT I N 2 0 0 B C – A D 6 0 0 J. His recent publications include Bilingualism and the Latin Language (Cambridge, 2003) and Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire (1995). ![]() a d a m s is a Senior Research Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. This is the most comprehensive treatment ever undertaken of the regional diversification of Latin throughout its history in the Roman period. The changing patterns of diversity and the determinants of variation are examined from the time of the early inscriptions of Italy, through to late antiquity and the beginnings of the Romance dialects in the western Roman provinces. This book establishes that Latin was never geographically uniform. ![]() Was regional diversity apparent from the earliest times, obscured perhaps by the standardisation of writing, or did some catastrophic event in late antiquity cause the language to vary? These questions have long intrigued Latinists and Romance philologists, struck by the apparent uniformity of Latin alongside the variety of Romance. ![]() T H E R E G I O N A L D I V E R S I F I C AT I O N O F L AT I N 2 0 0 B C – A D 6 0 0Ĭlassical Latin appears to be without regional dialects, yet Latin evolved in little more than a millennium into a variety of different languages (the Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese etc.).
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